| バックグラウンド: | Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins such as histones, thereby playing a key role in histone code and regulation of stem cell maintenance. Citrullinates histone H1 at 'Arg-54' (to form H1R54ci), histone H3 at 'Arg-2', 'Arg-8', 'Arg-17' and/or 'Arg-26' (to form H3R2ci, H3R8ci, H3R17ci, H3R26ci, respectively) and histone H4 at 'Arg-3' (to form H4R3ci). Acts as a key regulator of stem cell maintenance by mediating citrullination of histone H1: citrullination of 'Arg-54' of histone H1 (H1R54ci) results in H1 displacement from chromatin and global chromatin decondensation, thereby promoting pluripotency and stem cell maintenance. Promotes profound chromatin decondensation during the innate immune response to infection in neutrophils by mediating formation of H1R54ci. Citrullination of histone H3 prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription. Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1. |
| シノニム: | Protein-arginine deiminase type-4 (EC 3.5.3.15) (HL-60 PAD) (Peptidylarginine deiminase IV) (Protein-arginine deiminase type IV), PADI4, PAD4 PADI5 PDI5 |
| UniProt Protein Function: | PADI4: Catalyzes the citrullination/deimination of arginine residues of proteins. Citrullinates histone H3 at 'Arg-8' and/or 'Arg-17' and histone H4 at 'Arg-3', which prevents their methylation by CARM1 and HRMT1L2/PRMT1 and represses transcription. Citrullinates EP300/P300 at 'Arg-2142', which favors its interaction with NCOA2/GRIP1. Genetic variations in PADI4 are a cause of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It is a systemic inflammatory disease with autoimmune features and a complex genetic component. It primarily affects the joints and is characterized by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Could have an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by increasing citrullination of proteins in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissues, leading, in a cytokine-rich milieu, to a break in tolerance to citrullinated peptides processed and presented in the appropriate HLA context. Belongs to the protein arginine deiminase family. |
| UniProt Protein Details: | Protein type:Nuclear receptor co-regulator; Hydrolase; EC 3.5.3.15 Chromosomal Location of Human Ortholog: 1p36.13 Cellular Component: cytoplasm; nucleus Molecular Function:arginine deiminase activity; protein binding; calcium ion binding; protein-arginine deiminase activity Biological Process: chromatin remodeling; nucleosome assembly; transcription, DNA-dependent; regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; stem cell maintenance; innate immune response; protein modification process; chromatin modification; peptidyl-citrulline biosynthetic process from peptidyl-arginine Disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| NCBI Summary: | This gene is a member of a gene family which encodes enzymes responsible for the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline residues. This gene may play a role in granulocyte and macrophage development leading to inflammation and immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] |
| UniProt Code: | Q9UM07 |
| NCBI GenInfo Identifier: | 296439260 |
| NCBI Gene ID: | 23569 |
| NCBI Accession: | Q9UM07.2 |
| UniProt Related Accession: | Q9UM07 |
| Molecular Weight: | |
| NCBI Full Name: | Protein-arginine deiminase type-4 |
| NCBI Synonym Full Names: | peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 |
| NCBI Official Symbol: | PADI4 |
| NCBI Official Synonym Symbols: | PAD; PAD4; PDI4; PDI5; PADI5 |
| NCBI Protein Information: | protein-arginine deiminase type-4 |
| UniProt Protein Name: | Protein-arginine deiminase type-4 |
| UniProt Synonym Protein Names: | HL-60 PAD; Peptidylarginine deiminase IV; Protein-arginine deiminase type IV |
| Protein Family: | Lipase |
| UniProt Gene Name: | PADI4 |
| UniProt Entry Name: | PADI4_HUMAN |
